|
Będzin Ghetto or the Bendzin Ghetto was a ghetto established for Jews by Nazi German authorities in occupied Poland during the Holocaust. A major ghetto in East Upper Silesia, it was created in July 1940. Over 20,000 Jews from Będzin (Bendzin), along with another 10,000 Jews who had resettled there after being displaced from other local communities, lived in the ghetto during its short history. Most of them were forced to work in German military factories before being deported to the nearby concentration camp at Auschwitz where they were exterminated by German authorities. The last major deportation of ghetto residents between 1 and 3 August 1943 was marked by an uprising by members of the local Jewish Combat Organization. ==Background== Before the outbreak of World War II, Będzin had a vibrant Jewish community. 〔 Maciej i Ewa Szaniawscy, ''(Zagłada Żydów w Będzinie w świetle relacji ).''〕 According to the 1921 census, the town had a Jewish community consisting of 17,298 people, or 62.1 percent of its total population.〔〔 By 1938, the number of Jews had increased to about 22,500.〔 In early September 1939 during the Invasion of Poland, the German Army (Heer) overran this area, followed by the SS death squads (Einsatzgruppen). On 7 September, persecution of the Jews began, with the instituting of economic sanctions.〔 On 8 September, the Będzin synagogue was burned, and the first massacre of local Jews took place.〔 On 8 October 1939, Hitler declared that Będzin would be among the Polish territories annexed by Germany.〔 Germans started to resettle Jews from other communities into Będzin; among them were Jews from Zagłębie Dąbrowskie region, as well as from nearby towns of Bohumin, Kielce and Oświęcim (Auschwitz).〔 Overall, about 30,000 Jews would live in Będzin during World War II.〔 By late 1942, Będzin and nearby Sosnowiec (see also Sosnowiec Ghetto), which bordered Będzin, became the only two towns in the Zagłębie Dąbrowskie region that were still inhabited by Jews.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Będzin Ghetto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|